Human security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human security - Essay Example The author believes that the deeper understanding on the ideas will be attained by examining the opposing and concordant views on human security. The articles reviewed have become as compelling as they present realistic and eye-opener accounts, yet antithetical in some degree. Overview of Chandler’s Work The article by David Chandler entitled, Human Security: The Dog That Didn’t Bark provides an important revelation on the â€Å"deconstruction of myth that human security shows a typical conflict between the state and the individual security† (Owen 2008). Chandler’s article is based on the analysis of the two books namely, Human Security: Concepts and Implications written by Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh & Anuradha M. Chenoy and A Decade of Human Security: Global Governance and New Multilateralisms written by Mclean, Black & Shaw. Chandler started his argument through citing the idea that global policy making overbearingly suggests two different views. One view poi nted out the construal of the dynamics of the society’s power relationships and inequalities, as well as insecurities. The other view pertained to the idea of identifying the interrelatedness, interconnection, and susceptibilities of security threats and the urgency for composite, cooperative, human-centered answers. Chandler’s First Argument While Tadjbakhsh and Chenoy claimed that human, as well as the state, should work interdependently, Chandler (2008) conceded that human and the state are indivisible, yet gave consideration to the importance of examining the problem that transpires regarding the state’s collaboration of its idea outside of its absolute model. Chandler ended up criticizing that the authors are more involved with advocacies instead of the evaluation of definite process of human security. Chandler’s first argument stated that â€Å"human security exaggerates new post-cold war security threats† (Chandler 2008, 435). This argument is compelling as it contradicts to the paradigm of human security. The author contended that one of the prevailing reasons why the human security has been applied wrongly by the state is because it overstated the post-cold war security threats. Chandler (2008) claimed that with the absence of conventional adversaries like terrorists, human security processes close the gap securitization issue like environmental, health, and economic security. Nevertheless, inquiry is not about how these issues are securitized but rather it is more important to evaluate the result of these actions. Since Chandler declined to elaborate the result of these actions, it is safe to assume that he falls short of accusing Tadjbakhsh and Chenoy for not considering the connection between normative theory and policy procedures. Chandler’s Second Argument Further, Chandler (2008, 435) argued that â€Å"human security advocates locate these threats in the developing world.† While there are other pa rt of the developed countries, which also have security problems, advocates can also be considered as correct since majority of the people who experienced security problems like extreme poverty are located in developing countries. These people are more vulnerable that is why it has given more attention. In contrast, Chandler (2008) argued that the causal link of human security processes in a globalized world do not exist at all is somewhat questionable since the actual connection solely depends on what dependent variable is utilized. As what Paris (2001) suggests,

The meaning of democratic, socialist, and secular in India Essay

The meaning of democratic, socialist, and secular in India - Essay Example This paper will delve into the different interpretations of democracy, socialism and secularism in light of each and every founding father of India in this particular context. The Indian society has been for a long time, traditionally plagued by the evil of creed based prejudices and the caste system. Stratification on the orientation of castes has hindered all the possible chances of Indian national unification from the early days. This situation was worsened by the presence of man varied religious groups within India, who were not willing to compromise on whatever grounds to reach a consensus of commonality. The tradition of self-styled and rhetoric religions fuelled divisions among the Indian people. It was a great pain for Mahatma Gandhi to see people stick to the age old tradition of religious intolerance, when it was needed most. It was disturbing for him because it was virtually impossible to organize any nationwide movement against the British oppressors (Collins, Larry, and Lapierre 64). Secularism for Gandhi was an unconditional necessity to bring any form of an all-encompassing political government and leadership. Gandhi personally preached his ideas of secularism and the religious forbearance across the breadth and length of India. However, preaching was not an easy job for him. Gandhi was up against the British, who has implemented the divide and rule policy in India, which saw the declaration of separate elections for different religions and communities in India. The declaration in the Government Act of India Act in 1935 hurt Gandhi so much, and he fought to his death for the uniting of the warring communal factions (Gudavarthy 88). Gandhi’s vision of a secular state is one where religious values are respected in all spheres of life, the public as well as private, but in which no solitary religion is permitted to dominate the